Tragulus javanicus, the Java mouse-deer, is one of the smallest hoofed mammals, standing only about 20 cm tall. It is shy and nocturnal, inhabiting dense forests of Java. Its genome sheds light on ruminant evolution and the genetic basis of miniaturization in ungulates. DOI: 10.1126/science.aav6202 Author: Naira Mahajan (Institut Angeleta Ferrer i Sensat)